What should be done to care for a patient experiencing anaphylaxis?

For a patient experiencing anaphylaxis, providing oxygen and monitoring vital signs is essential due to the critical and rapid progression of this severe allergic reaction. Anaphylaxis can lead to airway swelling, difficulty breathing, hypotension, and even cardiovascular collapse.

Administering oxygen helps to ensure adequate oxygenation, particularly if the patient's breathing is compromised due to airway edema or bronchospasm. Continuous monitoring of vital signs allows healthcare providers to assess the severity of the reaction and the patient's response to treatment, enabling timely interventions if the patient's condition deteriorates.

While antihistamines play a role in allergic reactions, they are not sufficient for treating anaphylaxis on their own. The first-line treatment for anaphylaxis is epinephrine, which addresses the underlying causes of the severe reaction by constricting blood vessels, dilating airways, and improving cardiovascular stability. Additionally, restricting activity and observing, or encouraging fluid intake, do not adequately address the immediate and life-threatening risks posed by anaphylaxis.