How is a pulmonary embolism typically managed in the pre-hospital setting?

Management of a pulmonary embolism (PE) in the pre-hospital setting primarily focuses on stabilizing the patient and ensuring a safe transport to a medical facility. Providing oxygen is crucial because patients with a PE often experience respiratory distress and may have low oxygen saturation levels. Administering supplemental oxygen helps to improve oxygen delivery to the tissues and can alleviate some of the hypoxic effects of the embolism.

Monitoring vital signs is also an essential part of pre-hospital care. Vital signs can provide information on the patient's hemodynamic status and clinical condition, helping paramedics identify any deterioration that may require immediate intervention.

While other interventions might be necessary once in the hospital setting, such as administering anticoagulants, these treatments are typically beyond the scope of pre-hospital care due to the potential complications and need for careful dosing and monitoring. Placing a patient in the supine position without further assessment is not ideal, especially if they are experiencing significant respiratory distress, as it may not be comfortable or safe for them. Encouraging a patient to walk, especially if they are symptomatic, is contraindicated because it could exacerbate their condition, leading to increased strain on the cardiovascular system.

By focusing on administering oxygen, providing careful monitoring, and ensuring that the